连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果的研究

目的研究分析连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果。方法本项研究回顾了2017年2月—2018年7月间在某院采取了脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗的52例患者整个治疗过程的资料,将所有的患者使用数字双盲法将其分为了对照组(n=26)和观察组(n=26)。对照组患者使用护理措施为常规护理措施,观察组使用的护理措施为连续护理干预模式,在患者治疗完成后对比两个不同组别患者在围手术期期间各类指标和出现并发症概率。结果对照组患者手术下床活动时间、住院时间、住院所需费用以及患者并发症发生率均显著高于观察组,组别间数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医护人员在进行脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者的护理工作当中,对其采取连续护理模式可以降低患者并发症发生率,缩短患者住院时间,对患者身体的恢复具有显著意义。     

胸腰椎椎板切除减压术后中枢神经系统感染及其危险因素

目的:分析胸腰椎椎板切除减压术后中枢神经系统感染及其危险因素。方法:2015年6月~2018年9月于我院接受后路椎板切除减压手术的患者共2632例,其中8例出现术后中枢神经系统感染,男5例,女3例,年龄为55.8±9.3岁(41~69岁)。8例均出现高热,7例出现头痛,4例出现不同程度意识障碍,7例出现颈抵抗。除1例患者血白细胞计数正常,其余患者的血白细胞计数、C反应蛋白及血沉均升高。8例脑脊液检查均表现为白细胞显著增加、葡萄糖降低、蛋白升高,1例患者脑脊液及血液细菌培养为金黄色葡萄球菌阳性,其余患者细菌培养均为阴性。8例患者头部CT均无异常。1例患者胸椎MRI提示切口深部感染,1例腰椎MRI提示硬膜内脑脊液异常T2WI信号改变。记录8例患者的治疗及随访结果。根据是否发生术后中枢神经系统感染将患者分为两组,使用卡方检验分析两组患者的术前诊断、手术时间、术中出血量、手术节段、留置引流管时间、是否发生硬膜撕裂及手术部位感染等因素是否存在统计学差异。结果:1例切口深部感染患者行清创手术,8例患者均接受18.50±3.07d(14~24d)抗生素治疗后症状及体征完全消失,血常规、C反应蛋白及血沉正常。随访20.50±8.19个月(12~36个月),所有患者至末次随访时均无发热、头痛、颈抵抗或意识障碍,血常规、C反应蛋白及血沉均正常。卡方检验显示手术节段≥3及硬膜撕裂在两组患者间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其余因素两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:术后中枢神经系统感染是胸腰椎椎板切除减压手术后罕见的并发症。当胸腰椎椎板切除减压手术后患者出现发热、头痛、颈抵抗和意识障碍时应尽快实施腰穿脑脊液检查,早期诊断和及时应用抗生素治疗可获得良好的结果。手术节段≥3及硬膜撕裂与发生术后中枢神经系统感染密切相关。     

Altered supraspinal motor networks in survivors of poliomyelitis: A cortico-muscular coherence study

ObjectivePoliomyelitis results in changes to the anterior horn cell. The full extent of cortical network changes in the motor physiology of polio survivors has not been established. Our aim was to investigate how focal degeneration of the lower motor neurons (LMN) in infancy/childhood affects motor network connectivity in adult survivors of polio.MethodsSurface electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were recorded during an isometric pincer grip task in 25 patients and 11 healthy controls. Spectral signal analysis of cortico-muscular (EEG-EMG) coherence (CMC) was used to identify the cortical regions that are functionally synchronous and connected to the periphery during the pincer grip task.ResultsA pattern of CMC was noted in polio survivors that was not present in healthy individuals. Significant CMC in low gamma frequency bands (30–47 Hz) was observed in frontal and parietal regions.ConclusionThese findings imply a differential engagement of cortical networks in polio survivors that extends beyond the motor cortex and suggest a disease-related functional reorganisation of the cortical motor network.SignificanceThis research has implications for other similar LMN conditions, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). CMC has potential in future clinical trials as a biomarker of altered function in motor networks in post-polio syndrome, SMA, and other related conditions.     

Características clínicas y pronóstico de la lesión medular traumática en pacientes mayores de 75 años

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in geriatric population of Galicia (Spain), hospital management and functional prognosis.MethodsComparative retrospective study. Patients admitted with acute traumatic SCI during the time period between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. Two groups established: The elderly over and under 75 years of age, with the latter acting as a control group.ResultsThree hundred seventy-nine patients were studied (27.2% ≥75 years). The main etiology in the >75 years group were falls: 80.6%. There were 65.7% who presented incomplete spinal cord injuries with mean motor index (MI) of 44.9/100. Upon discharge, 90.8% were dependent. Hospital mortality was 34.9%. Those >75 years suffered from more cervical injuries (74.8 vs. 51.2%; p<0.001), longer delay in diagnosis (31.1 vs. 9.2%; p<0.001) and higher hospital mortality (34.9 vs. 3.2%; p<0.001). Fewer surgical interventions were performed, with a longer delay. Percentages for admission into ICU, mechanical ventilation and performing a tracheostomy proved to be similar. There were no significant differences found in the evolution according to the ASIA scale or the MI.Conclusions1) The frequency of traumatic SCI in the elderly in Galicia is high; 2) Neurological evolution is similar to younger patients but the level of dependence is higher; 3) The level of care provided is similar in both groups, except for the surgical indication, and 4) Hospital mortality is high.     

Acquired MET D1228N Mutations Mediate Crizotinib Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma with ROS1 Fusion: A Case Report

Patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) containing ROS1 fusions can have a marked response to the ROS1‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as crizotinib. Common resistance mechanisms of ROS1‐fusion targeted therapy are acquired mutations in ROS1. Along with the use of next‐generation sequencing in the clinical management of patients with NSCLC during sequential targeted therapy, many mechanisms of acquired resistance have been discovered in patients with activated tyrosine kinase receptors. Besides acquired resistance mutations, bypass mechanisms of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐TKI treatment are common in patients with EGFR mutations. Here we describe a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with CD74‐ROS1 fusion who initially responded to crizotinib and then developed resistance by the acquired mutation of D1228N in the MET kinase domain, which showed short‐term disease control for cabozantinib.Key Points

• The D1228N point mutation of MET is an acquired mutation for crizotinib resistance.
• The patient obtained short‐term clinical benefit from cabozantinib therapy after resistance to crizotinib.
• The clinical use of next‐generation sequencing could maximize the benefits of precision medicine in patients with cancer.

     

Is T9-11 the true thoracolumbar transition zone?

ObjectiveDegenerative thoracic stenosis has been shown to most frequently involve the lower thoracic segments (T9-T12) where there is greater mobility and vulnerability due to flexion, extension and rotation of the spine. The thoracolumbar junction is considered anatomically to be T12-L1; the anatomical transition between the relatively immobile thoracic spine and relatively mobile lumbar spine. From anecdotal experience at our institution, we hypothesise that the true thoracolumbar junction is higher, at T10-11; the point of transition from floating to false ribs resulting in increased mobility at T10-11.Methods and materialsA retrospective review was performed of MRI lumbar and whole spine performed on patients aged 10–40 years in our institution over a 5-year period. Patients with previous surgery, chronic spinal disorders and congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study. Intervertebral discs from T8-9 to L1-2 were assessed for evidence of degeneration using the Pfirrmann grading system. Data obtained from a study using computer-based models to assess mean resultant loads in flexion, sitting and standing from T8-9 to L1-2 on patients aged 18–35 years was also analysed. The mean load gradients between two consecutive discs from T8 to L2 were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant).ResultsThree-hundred and twenty-two MRI studies were reviewed. Mean Pfirrmann grade was highest at T8-9 and T9-10 (1.35 ± 0.99 and 1.32 ± 0.93 respectively).Pfirrmann grade differed significantly at each level (χ² = 45.137 p = 0.001). Difference in mean load gradient from T9 to T11 was significantly higher than mean load gradient across T11 to L1 in both sitting and standing (0.095 ± 0.062 vs 0.050 ± 0.044 kN; p = 0.007, and 0.101 ± 0.061 kN vs 0.040 ± 0.054 kN; p = 0.007).ConclusionThe changes in segmental loads and more severe disc degeneration at T9-11 compared to T11-L1 support our hypothesis that the true thoracolumbar transition is higher than expected, at T10-11; where the rib cage transitions from floating to false ribs.